Trap-neuter-return

Trap-neuter-return, or TNR, is a method of managing outdoor cat colonies. Cats are caught in humane box traps, taken to a vet or clinic, spayed or neutered under anaesthesia, usually vaccinated against rabies where the law requires it, and ear-tipped so that others can see they have been done. Then healthy adults are returned to their home territory. Where vaccination is part of the routine, it is sometimes called TNVR. Kittens and friendly cats may be taken out for adoption instead.

The aim is to stop breeding, so the colony shrinks over time, and to reduce noise, fighting, roaming and spraying. A neutered colony is also less likely to attract new cats from outside, which can happen when cats are removed. A caretaker typically feeds and watches the colony. Evidence on how well TNR cuts numbers varies, depending on how many of the cats are neutered and whether new cats arrive. Some wildlife groups argue that it does not stop cats from preying on birds, and communities disagree about it.

Do not trap alone without advice. Local groups lend traps and give training, and a vet or clinic can book surgery. Rules about feeding and colonies differ by town, so check first. Pet cats should be microchipped and kept indoors to avoid being mistaken for strays.