Glossary
Chronic kidney disease
A gradual loss of kidney function, common in older cats, that can be managed for months or years but not cured.
Also called: CKD, chronic renal failure, kidney failure in cats, renal disease
Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a slow decline in the ability of the kidneys to filter waste, balance fluids and make hormones. It is one of the most common illnesses of older cats. The cause is often not found, but it can follow infection, toxins, high blood pressure or an inherited problem such as polycystic kidney disease.
Because the kidneys can lose much of their function before signs show, the early stage is easy to miss. Owners later notice drinking and urinating more, weight loss, a poor appetite, vomiting, a dull coat, bad breath and weakness. Vets diagnose and stage CKD from blood tests such as creatinine and SDMA, a urine test and blood pressure measurement. A staging system from the International Renal Interest Society guides care.
CKD cannot be cured, but many cats live comfortably for a long time with care. Vets may suggest a kidney-friendly diet, ways to keep the cat hydrated, treatment of high blood pressure, and medicines for nausea, appetite or phosphorus levels. Do not change diet or give supplements without advice. Regular rechecks matter. Senior cats benefit from checkups twice a year, and a cat that is drinking more should see a vet soon. Ask your vet what stage your cat is at.
Last reviewed November 7, 2026